# Kisspeptin References: The Peer-Reviewed Literature, Cited

> Kisspeptin references: the full numbered list of peer-reviewed studies behind this monograph, with DOIs and PubMed links — Seminara 2003, George 2011, Jayasena 2014, Abbara 2015 and more.

Every numbered claim on this site keys to an entry here. Each carries authors, journal, year and a DOI or PubMed link.

## How to read this list

The numbers in brackets throughout this site — [1], [2], and so on — point to the entries below. The list is the apparatus of the monograph: where every measured value, every dose-by-population, and every safety caution is sourced. Entries 1 through 15 are the core findings the site is built on; entries 16 through 19 support the safety and historical sections. Each entry gives the authors, the journal and year, and a stable identifier (DOI or PubMed ID) so any claim can be checked against the original.

## References

[1] Seminara SB, Messager S, Chatzidaki EE, et al. The GPR54 gene as a regulator of puberty. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(17):1614-1627. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14573733/
[2] Liu X, Lee K, Herbison AE. Kisspeptin excites gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons through a phospholipase C/calcium-dependent pathway regulating multiple ion channels. Endocrinology. 2008;149(9):4605-4614. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18483150/
[3] George JT, Veldhuis JD, Roseweir AK, et al. Kisspeptin-10 is a potent stimulator of LH and increases pulse frequency in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(8):E1228-E1236. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21632807/
[4] Jayasena CN, Abbara A, Veldhuis JD, et al. Increasing LH pulsatility in women with hypothalamic amenorrhoea using intravenous infusion of kisspeptin-54. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(6):E953-E961. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24517142/
[5] Abbara A, Jayasena CN, Christopoulos G, et al. Efficacy of kisspeptin-54 to trigger oocyte maturation in women at high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(9):3322-3331. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26192876/
[6] Mills EG, Abbara A, Dhillo WS, et al. Intranasal kisspeptin administration rapidly stimulates gonadotropin release in humans. EBioMedicine. 2025;115:105689. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40215751/
[7] Velmurugan H, Mannava AS, Thangaraju P, Neelambaran K. Kisspeptin and its current clinical status - a systematic review. Curr Med Chem. 2025;32:1313-1322. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38265397/
[8] Dhillo WS, Chaudhri OB, Patterson M, et al. Kisspeptin-54 stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis in human males. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(12):6609-6615. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16174713/
[9] George JT, Millar RP, Anderson RA, et al. Exploring the pathophysiology of hypogonadism in men with type 2 diabetes: kisspeptin-10 stimulates serum testosterone and LH secretion in men with type 2 diabetes and mild biochemical hypogonadism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2013;79(1):100-104. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23153270/
[10] Jayasena CN, Comninos AN, De Silva A, et al. Direct comparison of the effects of intravenous kisspeptin-10, kisspeptin-54 and GnRH on gonadotrophin secretion in healthy men. Hum Reprod. 2015;30(8):1934-1941. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26089302/
[11] Chan YM, Lippincott MF, Sales Barroso P, et al. Divergent responses to kisspeptin in children with delayed puberty. JCI Insight. 2018;3(8):e99109. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29669934/
[12] Chan YM, Lippincott MF, Butler JP, Sidhoum VF, Li CX, Plummer L, Seminara SB. Exogenous kisspeptin administration as a probe of GnRH neuronal function in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(12):E2762-E2771. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25226293/
[13] Nash KT, Welch DR. The KISS1 metastasis suppressor: mechanistic insights and clinical utility. Front Biosci. 2006;11:647-659. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16146758/
[14] Meczekalski B, Niwczyk O, Kostrzak A, et al. Stress, kisspeptin, and functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2022;67:102288. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36103784/
[15] George JT, et al. Kisspeptin and LH pulsatility in patients with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. Endocrine. 2020;70(3):565-572. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32915434/
[16] Jayasena CN, Nijher GM, Chaudhri OB, et al. Subcutaneous injection of kisspeptin-54 acutely stimulates gonadotropin secretion in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, but chronic administration causes tachyphylaxis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(11):4315-4323. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19820030/
[17] Abbara A, Al-Memar M, Phylactou M, et al. Kisspeptin in the prediction of pregnancy complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:942664. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35928889/
[18] Sato K, et al. Potent vasoconstrictor kisspeptin-10 induces atherosclerotic plaque progression and instability: reversal by its receptor GPR54 antagonist. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(4):e005790. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28411243/
[19] Mills EG, Comninos AN, Dhillo WS, et al. Kisspeptin administration stimulates reproductive hormones but does not affect anxiety in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025;110:dgaf128. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40036336/

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A data-forward monograph of the kisspeptin literature — every endocrine readout logged to its study, population and route, with the tachyphylaxis ceiling and the investigational status kept in plain view; no clinic behind the page and nothing here dosed, prescribed, or sold.