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Kisspeptin Peptide

A graphite monograph on the KISS1 neuropeptide — the upstream switch of the reproductive axis, read from the published literature with the limits kept in plain view.

The numbered papers

Kisspeptin references and how to use them

Cancer studies came first, then hormone work. This numbered list shows which paper supports each finding.

Return to findingsRead the overview

How to match a Kisspeptin claim to its paper

A number in brackets after a fact matches the same number in the paper list below. For example, [1] and [2] take you to the first two papers.

Entries 1 through 15 cover puberty, hormones, fertility care, and missed periods. Entries 16 through 19 cover safety and the early history.

Each entry names the writers, journal, and year. It also gives a web link or library number that helps you find the exact paper.

I check who took part and how long the study lasted before trusting a strong claim. You can use that same test when a paper sounds sure.

  1. Seminara SB, Messager S, Chatzidaki EE, et al. The GPR54 gene as a regulator of puberty. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(17):1614-1627. ↗
  2. Liu X, Lee K, Herbison AE. Kisspeptin excites gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons through a phospholipase C/calcium-dependent pathway regulating multiple ion channels. Endocrinology. 2008;149(9):4605-4614. ↗
  3. George JT, Veldhuis JD, Roseweir AK, et al. Kisspeptin-10 is a potent stimulator of LH and increases pulse frequency in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(8):E1228-E1236. ↗
  4. Jayasena CN, Abbara A, Veldhuis JD, et al. Increasing LH pulsatility in women with hypothalamic amenorrhoea using intravenous infusion of kisspeptin-54. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(6):E953-E961. ↗
  5. Abbara A, Jayasena CN, Christopoulos G, et al. Efficacy of kisspeptin-54 to trigger oocyte maturation in women at high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(9):3322-3331. ↗
  6. Mills EG, Abbara A, Dhillo WS, et al. Intranasal kisspeptin administration rapidly stimulates gonadotropin release in humans. EBioMedicine. 2025;115:105689. ↗
  7. Velmurugan H, Mannava AS, Thangaraju P, Neelambaran K. Kisspeptin and its current clinical status - a systematic review. Curr Med Chem. 2025;32:1313-1322. ↗
  8. Dhillo WS, Chaudhri OB, Patterson M, et al. Kisspeptin-54 stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis in human males. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(12):6609-6615. ↗
  9. George JT, Millar RP, Anderson RA, et al. Exploring the pathophysiology of hypogonadism in men with type 2 diabetes: kisspeptin-10 stimulates serum testosterone and LH secretion in men with type 2 diabetes and mild biochemical hypogonadism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2013;79(1):100-104. ↗
  10. Jayasena CN, Comninos AN, De Silva A, et al. Direct comparison of the effects of intravenous kisspeptin-10, kisspeptin-54 and GnRH on gonadotrophin secretion in healthy men. Hum Reprod. 2015;30(8):1934-1941. ↗
  11. Chan YM, Lippincott MF, Sales Barroso P, et al. Divergent responses to kisspeptin in children with delayed puberty. JCI Insight. 2018;3(8):e99109. ↗
  12. Chan YM, Lippincott MF, Butler JP, Sidhoum VF, Li CX, Plummer L, Seminara SB. Exogenous kisspeptin administration as a probe of GnRH neuronal function in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(12):E2762-E2771. ↗
  13. Nash KT, Welch DR. The KISS1 metastasis suppressor: mechanistic insights and clinical utility. Front Biosci. 2006;11:647-659. ↗
  14. Meczekalski B, Niwczyk O, Kostrzak A, et al. Stress, kisspeptin, and functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2022;67:102288. ↗
  15. George JT, et al. Kisspeptin and LH pulsatility in patients with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. Endocrine. 2020;70(3):565-572. ↗
  16. Jayasena CN, Nijher GM, Chaudhri OB, et al. Subcutaneous injection of kisspeptin-54 acutely stimulates gonadotropin secretion in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, but chronic administration causes tachyphylaxis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(11):4315-4323. ↗
  17. Abbara A, Al-Memar M, Phylactou M, et al. Kisspeptin in the prediction of pregnancy complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:942664. ↗
  18. Sato K, et al. Potent vasoconstrictor kisspeptin-10 induces atherosclerotic plaque progression and instability: reversal by its receptor GPR54 antagonist. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(4):e005790. ↗
  19. Mills EG, Comninos AN, Dhillo WS, et al. Kisspeptin administration stimulates reproductive hormones but does not affect anxiety in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025;110:dgaf128. ↗